Lethathamo la Tlhatlhobo ea Feme: Libaka tse 10 tseo U Lokelang ho Etela Bakeng sa Bareki ba Li-Toy Toy

Ho etsa tlhahlobo e phethahetseng ea feme ho bohlokoa ho bareki ba etelletsang pele polokeho, boleng le ho latela melao. Litlhahlobo li thusa ho tseba likotsi tse ka bang teng, ho netefatsa maemo a tlhahiso, le ho netefatsa hore lifeme li fihlela litlhoko tsa taolo. Lenane la tlhahlobo le sebetsa e le tataiso ea bohlokoa, e nolofalletsang bareki ho lekola karolo e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea feme ka mokhoa o hlophisehileng. Ts'ebetso ena ha e netefatse tšireletseho ea lihlahisoa feela empa hape e matlafatsa tšepo pakeng tsa bareki le barekisi. Ka ho hlahloba feme bakeng sa bareki ba lintja tsa ho bapala, likhoebo li ka boloka litekanyetso tsa boleng bo holimo ha li ntse li fokotsa likotsi tsa ts'ebetso.

Lintlha tsa bohlokoa

• Hlahloba lifeme ka hlokoho etsa bonnete ba hore lintho tsa ho bapala li bolokehile ebile li boleng bo botle.
• Batladitumello tsa polokehojoalo ka ASTM le EN71 ho tšepa libapalisoa.
• Netefatsa hore li-certification ke tsa 'nete ka ho sheba lileibole le ho kopa bopaki.
• Boloka lifeme li hloekile li bile li le makhethe ho etsa hore li sireletsehe le ho sebetsa hantle.
• Hlahloba licheke tsa boleng ka ho bala lirekoto le ho shebella hore na li etsoa joang.
• Sheba lisebelisoa ho netefatsa hore li bolokehile ebile li matla bakeng sa liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng.
• Sebelisa licheke tsa boleng nakong ea tlhahiso ho fumana mathata esale pele le ho boloka lintho tsa ho bapala li tsitsitse.
• Hlahloba koetliso ea basebetsi ho netefatsa hore ba tseba melao ea polokeho le mehato ea boleng.

Setifikeiti sa Polokeho

Bohlokoa ba Melao ea Tšireletso

Lisetifikeiti tse tloaelehileng tsa lipapali tsa ntja (mohlala, ASTM, EN71)

Litifikeiti tsa polokeho li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho netefatsa boleng le ts'epahalo ea libapalisoa tsa ntja. Litifikeiti tse tloaelehileng joalo ka ASTM (Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Teko le Lisebelisoa) le EN71 (European Toy Safety Standard) li behile litekanyetso bakeng sa polokeho ea libapalisoa. Litekanyetso tsena li shebana le likarolo tse kang ho tšoarella ha thepa, maemo a chefo, le polokeho ea mochini. Mohlala, litekanyetso tsa ASTM li netefatsa hore lintho tsa ho bapala ha li na mapheo a bohale le likarolo tse nyane tse ka bakang likotsi tsa ho khangoa. EN71, ka lehlakoreng le leng, e totobatsa polokeho ea lik'hemik'hale ka ho thibela tšebeliso ea lintho tse kotsi joalo ka lead le phthalates.

Bareki ba lintja tsa ho bapala ba lokela ho etelletsa pelelihlahisoa tse tiisitsoengho netefatsa polokeho nakong ea ho bapala. Lintho tsa ho bapala tse khomarelang litekanyetso tsena hangata li na le li-seams tse thibelang ho hlafuna le lisebelisoa tse se nang chefo, tse fokotsang kotsi ea ho senya le ho noa. Sena ke sa bohlokoa haholo bakeng saba hlafunang ka mabifi, kaha lintho tsa ho bapala tse sa etsoa hantle li ka lebisa ho khangoa kapa mathata a mang a bophelo. Ka ho khetha lintho tsa ho bapala tse netefalitsoeng, bareki ba ka netefatsa boiketlo ba liphoofolo tsa bona tsa lapeng ha ba ntse ba sireletsa mahae a bona tšenyo e ka bang teng.

Mokhoa oa ho netefatsa bonnete ba setifikeiti

Ho netefatsa bonnete ba setifikeiti sa polokeho ho bohlokoa bakeng sa bareki ba rekang lintja tsa ho bapala. Qala ka ho sheba leibole ea sehlahisoa kapa sephutheloana bakeng sa matšoao a setifikeiti a kang “ASTM F963″ kapa “EN71.” Matshwao ana a bontsha ho dumellana le maemo a polokeho Bareki le bona ba ka kopa ditokomane ho tswa ho moetsi kapa mofani wa thepa ho netefatsa bonnete ba setifikeiti sena le ditheo tsa semmuso tsa setifikeiti, tse kang ASTM International kapa European Standardization.

Mokhoa o mong o sebetsang o akarelletsa ho hlahloba fektheri bakeng sa bareki ba lintja tsa ho bapala. Nakong ea lihlahlobo, bareki ba lokela ho botsa ka mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea feme le ho kopa ho fumana litlaleho tsa liteko. Lifeme tse etelletsang polokeho pele hangata li boloka lirekoto tse qaqileng tsa ho latela melao ea machaba. Boemo bona ba ponaletso ha bo netefatse feela bonnete ba setifikeiti empa bo boetse bo haha tšepo lipakeng tsa bareki le barekisi.

Sebaka seo u Lokelang ho Etela: ASTM International (www.astm.org)

Kakaretso ea lisebelisoa tsa sebaka seo

ASTM International e sebetsa e le mohloli o ka sehloohong oa litekanyetso tsa polokeho ho pholletsa le liindasteri tse fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa le lintho tsa ho bapala tsa ntja. Webosaete e fana ka phihlello ea laeborari e felletseng ea litekanyetso, litokomane tsa tekheniki, le litataiso tsa tlhahlobo. Bareki ba ka hlahloba litekanyetso tse ikhethileng joalo ka ASTM F963, e hlalosang litlhoko tsa polokeho bakeng sa libapalisoa. Ho feta moo, sebaka sa marang-rang se fana ka lisebelisoa tsa thuto, li-webinars le mananeo a koetliso ho thusa basebelisi ho utloisisa le ho kenya tšebetsong litekanyetso tsena ka nepo.

ASTM International e boetse e na le lisebelisoa tsa ho netefatsa bonnete ba setifikeiti. Basebelisi ba ka batla lihlahisoa kapa bahlahisi ba netefalitsoeng ka polokelong ea sebaka sa marang-rang. Sena se etsa bonnete ba hore bareki ba fumana lintho tsa ho bapala ho tsoa ho barekisi ba tsebahalang ba lumellanang le melao ea polokeho.

Mokhoa oa ho sebelisa sebaka sa marang-rang bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea lifeme

Bareki ba lintja tsa lintja ba ka sebelisa ASTM International nakong ea litlhahlobo tsa feme ho lekola ho latela litekanyetso tsa polokeho. Pele ba etela feme, bareki ba lokela ho hlahloba maemo a bohlokoa a ASTM webosaeteng ho itloaetsa litlhoko tsa bohlokoa. Nakong ea tlhahlobo, ba ka supa litekanyetso tsena ho lekola mekhoa ea tlhahiso ea feme le thepa.

Lisebelisoa tsa sebaka sena li boetse li thusa bareki ho tseba likotsi tse ka bang teng. Mohlala, litataiso tsa ASTM li totobatsa likotsi tse tloaelehileng joalo ka methati e bohale kapa lisebelisoa tse chefo. Ka ho bapisa litataiso tsena le mekhoa ea fektheri, bareki ba ka supa libaka tseo ba lokelang ho li ntlafatsa. Mokhoa ona o sebetsang o tiisa hore feme e finyella litebello tsa polokeho, e qetellang e lebisa lihlahisoa tsa boleng bo phahameng.

Tikoloho ea Tlhahiso

Bohloeki le Tlhophiso

Matšoao a mantlha a feme e hlokometsoeng hantle

Feme e hlokometsoeng hantle e bontša boitlamo ba eona ba boleng le polokeho. Bohloeki le tlhophiso ke matšoao a bohlokoa a litekanyetso tsa tšebetso ea feme. Bareki ba lokela ho hlokomela hore na fektheri e boloka fuluru e hloekileng, litsi tsa ho sebetsa le libaka tsa polokelo. Mekhoa e nepahetseng ea ho lahla litšila le litsela tse tšoailoeng ka ho hlaka bakeng sa basebetsi le lisebelisoa li matlafatsa polokeho le katleho. Ho bolokoa ho hlophisitsoeng ha lihlahisoa tse tala le lihlahisoa tse felileng ho thibela ho silafala le ho netefatsa mekhoa e metle ea tlhahiso.

Pontšo e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa ke ho ba teng ha linako tsa tlhokomelo le li-protocol tsa ho hloekisa. Lifeme tse etelletsang bohloeki pele hangata li bontša kemiso ena ka ho hlahella. Sena se bontša boinehelo ba bona ba ho boloka tikoloho e hloekile. Ho feta moo, tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa ts'ireletso ke basebetsi, joalo ka liatlana le limaske, e bontša ho latela litekanyetso tsa polokeho. Mekhoa ena e netefatsa hore tikoloho ea tlhahiso e lula e bolokehile bakeng sa basebetsi le lihlahisoa tse ntseng li etsoa.

Lipotso tseo u ka li botsang nakong ea leeto la feme

Nakong ea leeto la feme, bareki ba lokela ho botsa lipotso tse lebisitsoeng ho lekola bohloeki le tlhophiso. Lipotso tse kang, "Ke mekhoa efe ea ho hloekisa e teng bakeng sa libaka tsa tlhahiso?" kapa “Litlhahlobo tsa tlhokomelo li etsoa hangata hakae?” fana ka leseli mabapi le maemo a ts'ebetso ea feme. Bareki ba ka boela ba botsa ka ho boloka thepa e tala le thepa e felileng. Mohlala, "U etsa bonnete ba hore lisebelisoa tse tala li lula li sa silafala nakong ea polokelo?" e totobatsa mokhoa oa feme oa taolo ea boleng.

Ho boetse hoa thusa ho botsa ka koetliso ea basebetsi e amanang le bohloeki le polokeho. Lipotso tse kang, "Bahiruoa ba fumana koetliso efe mabapi le ho boloka litekanyetso tsa bohloeki?" senola boitlamo ba feme ea ho khothaletsa tikoloho e hloekileng le e hlophisitsoeng. Lipotso tsena li thusa bareki ho lekola hore na bafektheri bakeng sa bareki ba lipapali tsa ntjae finyella litekanyetso tse hlokahalang bakeng sa ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tse bolokehileng le tsa boleng bo phahameng.

O Lokela ho Etela Sebaka: Mokhatlo oa Machabeng oa Boemo (www.iso.org)

Lisebelisoa tsa ho hlahloba maemo a tlhahiso

Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Boemo (ISO) o fana ka lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho hlahloba maemo a tlhahiso. Webosaete ea bona e fana ka phihlello ea maemo a kang ISO 9001, e shebaneng le litsamaiso tsa taolo ea boleng. Litekanyetso tsena li hlakisa mekhoa e metle ea ho boloka bohloeki, tlhophiso, le katleho ea ts'ebetso ka kakaretso. Bareki ba ka khoasolla litataiso le manane a tla sebelisoa nakong ea tlhahlobo ea feme.

ISO e boetse e fana ka lisebelisoa tsa koetliso le mananeo a setifikeiti. Lisebelisoa tsena li thusa bareki ho utloisisa mokhoa oa ho lekola hore na feme e lumellana le litekanyetso tsa machaba. Ka ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tsena, bareki ba ka etsa bonnete ba hore fektheri e sebetsa ka tsela e hloekileng le e hlophisehileng, e finyellang litekanyetso tsa boleng bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa.

Mehlala kapa mehlala e fanoeng ke sebaka

Webosaete ea ISO e na le lithuto tsa liketsahalo tse bonts'ang ts'ebetsong e atlehileng ea litekanyetso tsa eona. Mohlala, mohlala o mong o ka totobatsa kamoo feme e ntlafalitseng tikoloho ea eona ea tlhahiso ka ho amohela litataiso tsa ISO 9001. Mehlala ena e fana ka temohisiso e sebetsang ea melemo ea ho boloka bohloeki le tlhophiso. Bareki ba ka sebelisa lithuto tsena tsa linyeoe e le matšoao nakong ea lihlahlobo tsa bona.

Ho feta moo, sebaka sena se bonts'a mehlala ea lifeme tse fihletsoengSetifikeiti sa ISO. Mehlala ena e bonts'a lintlafatso tse bonahalang ts'ebetsong le boleng ba sehlahisoa tse hlahisoang ke ho latela maemo a ISO. Ka ho ithuta linyeoe tsena, bareki ba ka utloisisa hamolemo bohlokoa ba tikoloho ea tlhahiso e hlokometsoeng hantle.

Mekhoa ea Tsamaiso ea Boleng

Ho Lekola Mekhoa ea Taolo ea Boleng

ISO 9001 le litekanyetso tse ling tse amehang

ISO 9001ke tekanyetso e tsebahalang lefatšeng ka bophara bakeng sa litsamaiso tsa taolo ea boleng. E fana ka moralo oa ho netefatsa boleng bo tsitsitseng ba sehlahisoa le katleho ea ts'ebetso. Bakeng sa baetsi ba lipapali tsa lintja, ho latela ISO 9001 ho bontša boitlamo ba ho fihlela litebello tsa bareki le litlhoko tsa taolo. Tekanyetso ena e totobatsa ntlafatso ea ts'ebetso, taolo ea likotsi, le ntlafatso e tsoelang pele, tseo kaofela li leng bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka tlhahiso ea boleng bo holimo.

Maemo a mang a amehang, joalo ka ISO 14001 bakeng sa tsamaiso ea tikoloho le ISO 45001 bakeng sa bophelo bo botle le polokeho mosebetsing, e tlatselletsa ISO 9001. Ka kopanelo, litekanyetso tsena li theha mokhoa o felletseng oataolo ya boleng. Lifeme tse kenyang lits'ebetso tsena li ka laola lisebelisoa hantle, tsa fokotsa litšila le ho netefatsa polokeho ea basebetsi. Bareki ba hlahlobang feme bakeng sa bareki ba lintja tsa ho bapala ba lokela ho etelletsa pele lits'ebeletso tse latelang litekanyetso tsena, kaha li bonts'a boitlamo bo tiileng ba boleng le ho latela melao.

Mokhoa oa ho hlahloba litokomane le ts'ebetsong

Ho hlahloba litokomane le ho kenya ts'ebetsong ke mohato o ka sehloohong oa ho hlahloba mekhoa ea ho laola boleng. Bareki ba lokela ho qala ka ho hlahloba libuka tsa boleng ba feme, mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea ts'ebetso (SOPs), le lirekoto tsa tlhahlobo ea ka hare. Litokomane tsena li fana ka leseli mabapi le hore na feme e tsamaisa lits'ebetso tsa eona joang le ho netefatsa hore e latela litekanyetso tsa ISO. Ka mohlala, litlaleho tse qaqileng tsa tlhahlobo ea thepa e tala li ka tiisa hore feme e etelletsa pele polokeho le boleng ho tloha qalong.

Nakong ea tlhahlobo, bareki ba lokela ho hlokomela hore na lits'ebetso tsena tse ngotsoeng li kengoa tšebetsong joang mokatong oa tlhahiso. Lipontšo tsa bohlokoa tsa ts'ebetsong e sebetsang hantle li kenyelletsateko e matla ea thepa e tala, ho lekola mekhoa ea tlhahiso, le ho hlahloba ka botlalo ka mor'a tlhahiso. Basebeletsi ba nang le tsebo ea ho laola boleng ba phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ts'ebetsong ena ka ho hlwaya mefokolo, joalo ka mathōko a nchocho kapa meroko e fokolang, e ka senyang polokeho ea sehlahisoa. Tlhokomelo e tsoelang pele le li-loops tsa maikutlo li eketsa bokhoni ba feme ea ho boloka maemo a holimo.

Sebaka seo o Lokelang ho se Etela: Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Boleng (www.asq.org)

Litaelo tsa litsamaiso tsa boleng ba tlhahlobo

American Society for Quality (ASQ) e fana ka lisebelisoa tse ngata bakeng sa litsamaiso tsa boleng ba tlhahlobo. Webosaete ea bona e na le litataiso tse felletseng tse hlalosang mekhoa e metle ea ho lekola lifeme. Litataiso tsena li akaretsa lihlooho tse kang tlhahlobo ea tšebetso, litlhahlobo tsa bafani ba thepa, le taolo ea likotsi. Bareki ba ka sebelisa lisebelisoa tsena ho theha mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng oa tlhahlobo ea lifeme, ho netefatsa hore ha ho ntlha ea bohlokoa e hlokomolohuoang.

ASQ e boetse e fana ka phihlello ea mananeo a koetliso le litifikeiti bakeng sa litsebi tsa boleng. Mananeo ana a thusa bareki ho utloisisa melao-motheo ea tsamaiso ea boleng le mokhoa oa ho e sebelisa nakong ea lihlahlobo. Ka ho sebelisa boiphihlelo ba ASQ, bareki ba ka lekola ka kholiseho hore na lits'ebetso tsa taolo ea boleng ba feme li lumellana le maemo a indasteri.

Lithempleite tsa litlhahlobo tsa lifeme

Sebaka sa Marang-rang sa ASQ se kenyelletsa mefuta e fapaneng ea litempele tse etselitsoeng ho nolofatsa ts'ebetso ea tlhahlobo ea feme. Lithempleite tsena li akaretsa likarolo tsa bohlokoa joalo ka litokomane tsa ts'ebetso, koetliso ea basebetsi le tlhahlobo ea lihlahisoa. Bareki ba ka etsa litempele tsena ho latela litlhoko tsa bona, ho etsa hore ho be bonolo ho bokella le ho hlophisa liphetho tsa tlhahlobo.

Mohlala, thempleite ea ho lekola lits'ebetso tsa tlhahiso e ka kenyelletsa likarolo tsa ho lekola liteko tsa thepa e tala, ho hlahloba mela ea tlhahiso, le ho lekola licheke tsa kamora tlhahiso. Ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tse joalo ho netefatsa mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng oa tlhahlobo, ho thusa bareki ho tseba matla le libaka tseo ba lokelang ho li ntlafatsa. Boemo bona ba lintlha bo bohlokoa bakeng sa ho netefatsa hore feme ea bareki ba lintja tsa ho bapala e kopana le litekanyetso tsa boleng bo holimo.

Litlhahlobo tsa Lintho

Bohlokoa ba Tšireletseho ea Lintho

Lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tse sebelisoang lipapaling tsa ntja

Lintho tsa ho bapala tsa ntja li hlokathepa e tšoarellang le e bolokehilengho etsa bonnete ba hore liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng li phela hantle nakong ea papali. Hangata bahlahisi ba sebelisa rabara ea tlhaho, nylon ea ballistic, le hemp ka lebaka la thepa ea bona e ikhethang. Rabara ea tlhaho e tšoarella ka mokhoa o ikhethang 'me e hanana le ho petsoha, e etsa hore e be sebaka se loketseng bakeng sa ho hlafuna. Nylon ea Ballistic e tsebahala ka matla le bokhoni ba eona ba ho mamella papali e mabifi. Hemp e fana ka khetho e se nang lik'hemik'hale, e netefatsa polokeho bakeng sa liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng tse utloang thepa ea maiketsetso.

Ho ba sieo ha melao ea lipapali tsa liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng ho totobatsa bohlokoa ba ho khetha thepa e seng chefo. Lisebelisoa tse sa sireletsehang li ka baka likotsi tsa bophelo bo botle, ho kopanyelletsa le likotsi tsa ho khangoa kapa ho pepesehela lik'hemik'hale. Bareki ba lokela ho etelletsa pele lifeme tse sebelisang thepa ea boleng bo holimo ho hlahisa lintho tsa ho bapala tse fihlelang litebello tsa polokeho. Mokhoa ona o netefatsa hore liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng li natefeloa ke nako ea ho bapala e bolokehileng le e hohelang ha ho ntse ho fokotsa kotsi ea likotsi.

Mokhoa oa ho hlahloba lisebelisoa tse chefo kapa tse sa bolokehang

Bareki ba ka lekola polokeho ea thepa ka ho hlahloba lisebelisoa tse tala nakong ea tlhahlobo ea feme. Ho ela hloko maemo a polokelo le ho kopa lintlha tsa thepa ke litsela tse sebetsang tsa ho tseba likotsi tse ka bang teng. Lifeme li lokela ho fana ka litokomane tse felletseng, ho kenyeletsoa le lipampiri tsa litaba tsa polokeho ea thepa (MSDS), ho netefatsa bosieo ba lik'hemik'hale tse kotsi. Bareki ba boetse ba tlameha ho botsa ka liprothokholo tsa tlhahlobo ea lisebelisoa, joalo ka licheke tsa loto, li-phthalates kapa lintho tse ling tse chefo.

Litlhahlobo tse bonoang li ka senola matšoao a boleng bo tlase ba thepa. Ka mohlala, rabara e brittle kapa e silafetseng e ka bontša tšilafalo kapa mekhoa e tlaase ea tlhahiso. Bareki ba boetse ba lokela ho lekola hore na feme e sebelisa thepa e tšoarellang ho thibela libapalisoa hore li se ke tsa arohana nakong ea papali. Lifeme tse etelletsang pele polokeho ea thepa hangata li sebelisa mekhoa e matla ea tlhahlobo ho netefatsa hore ho latela maemo a indasteri.

Keletso: Nakong ea lihlahlobo, bareki ba lokela ho botsa lipotso tse kang, "Ke mehato efe e teng ho netefatsa polokeho ea thepa?" kapa “U etsa tlhahlobo ea lintho tse chefo joang thepa e tala?” Lipotso tsena li thusa ho tseba lifeme tse ikemiselitseng ho hlahisa lipapali tsa lintja tse sireletsehileng.

Seo U Lokelang ho Etela Sebaka: Maqephe a Boitsebiso ba Tšireletseho ea Lintho (www.msdsonline.com)

Lisebelisoa tsa ho khetholla lisebelisoa tse sireletsehileng

Webosaete ea Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) e fana ka lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho netefatsa polokeho ea thepa. Bareki ba ka fumana lintlha tse qaqileng mabapi le metsoako ea lik'hemik'hale, maemo a chefo, le litemoso tsa ho sebetsana le lisebelisoa tse fapaneng. Sebaka sena se fana ka marang-rang a batlisisang a lumellang basebelisi ho tseba likhetho tse bolokehileng bakeng sa tlhahiso ea lintja tsa ho bapala. Ka ho hlahloba litokomane tsa MSDS, bareki ba ka etsa bonnete ba hore lifeme li sebelisa thepa e seng chefo le e tšoarellang.

Sethala se boetse se na le litataiso tsa ho toloka data ea polokeho. Lisebelisoa tsena li thusa bareki ho utloisisa se boleloang ke lik'hemik'hale tse itseng le likotsi tse ka bang teng. Lifeme tse sebelisang litokomane tsa MSDS li bonts'a pepeneneng le boitlamo ba ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tse bolokehileng.

Mokhoa oa ho sebelisa sebaka sa marang-rang bakeng sa netefatso ea lisebelisoa

Bareki ba ka sebelisa MSDS Online nakong ea tlhahlobo ea feme ho netefatsa polokeho ea thepa. Pele ba etela feme, bareki ba lokela ho hlahloba lisebelisoa tsa sebaka sena ho itloaetsa lintho tse tloaelehileng tse chefo le mekhoa e meng e sireletsehileng. Nakong ea tlhahlobo, ba ka kopa litokomane tsa MSDS bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse tala tse sebelisoang tlhahisong. Ho bapisa lintlha tsena le litataiso tsa sebaka sena ho netefatsa hore feme e latela litekanyetso tsa polokeho.

Sebaka sena se boetse se thusa bareki ho tseba lifeme tse etelletsang pele polokeho ea thepa. Lifeme tse bolokang lirekoto tse nchafalitsoeng tsa MSDS le ho latela mekhoa e khothaletsoang ea ho sebetsana le tsona li bonts'a mokhoa o sebetsang oa taolo ea boleng. Ka ho sebelisa MSDS Online, bareki ba ka lekola ka kholiseho hore na fektheri ea bareki ba lintja e finyella litebello tsa polokeho.

• Rabara ea Tlhaho: E tšoarella ebile ha e qhekelle, e loketse ho hlafuna.
• Nylon ea Ballistic: E tsebahala ka matla le polokeho ea eona.
• Hemp: E bolokehile ebile ha e na lik'hemik'hale tse kotsi.

Litaolo tsa Boleng ba Ts'ebetso

Tlhokomelo ea Mekhoa ea Tlhahiso

Lintlha tsa bohlokoa nakong ea tlhahiso

Litaolo tse sebetsang hantle tsa boleng ba ts'ebetso li netefatsa hore libapalisoa tsa lintja li fihlela litekanyetso tsa polokeho le ho tšoarella nakong eohle ea tlhahiso. Lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa ho hlahloba nakong ea tlhahiso li kenyelletsaho beha leihlo boleng ba thepa e tala, ho hlahloba lihlahisoa tse seng li felile, le ho netefatsa mekhoa ea ho kopanya ea ho qetela. Lifeme li lokela ho kenya tšebetsonglicheke tsa mebala ea spectrophotometricho boloka ho tsitsisa mebala ea lipapali, ho fokotsa litšila tse bakoang ke ho fapana. Ho feta moo, litsamaiso tsa puisano tsa data tsa mebala li ka tsamaisa tlhahiso ka litlhoko tse ngata tsa mebala, tsa ntlafatsa ts'ebetso.

Tlhahlobo ea khafetsa ea mochini le lisebelisoa le eona e bohlokoa. Thepa e tlameha ho lula e hloekile, e sebetsa, 'me e se na likoli tse ka senyang boleng ba sehlahisoa. Lifeme li lokela ho theha liprothokholo tse hlakileng tsa ho sebetsana le li-unit tse hanoang ho thibela lintho tse nang le bothata ho kena ketane ea phepelo. Ka ho sebetsana le libaka tsena tsa tlhahlobo, bahlahisi ba ka boloka litekanyetso tsa boleng bo holimo le ho fokotsa tieho ea tlhahiso.

Mokhoa oa ho lemoha mathata a ka bang teng esale pele

Ho hlwaya mathata a ka bang teng pele ho ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ho thibela ts'ebetso e theko e boima hape ho netefatsa polokeho ea sehlahisoa. Lifeme li lokela ho lekola tšebetso ea lenaneo ka kakaretso ha nako e ntse e ea ho bona mekhoa ea litaba tsa boleng. Ponahalo ena e lumella bahlahisi ho kenya tšebetsong lintlafatso tse lebisitsoeng, ho fokotsa monyetla oa ho ba le mefokolo khafetsa.

Litlhahlobo tsa khafetsa tsa taolo ea boleng li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa molemong oa ho lemoha litaba kapele. Mohlala, ho lekola lisebelisoa tsa chefo kapa ho hlahloba seam bakeng sa ho tšoarella ho ka senola mathata pele lintho tsa ho bapala li fihla 'marakeng. Lifeme le tsona li lokela ho beha leihlo taolo ea tlhahiso le tšebetso, ho kenyeletsoa ho ts'oaroa ha thepa e tala le licheke tse ntseng li tsoela pele. Mehato ena e thusa ho netefatsa hore mohato o mong le o mong oa tlhahiso o lumellana le litekanyetso tsa polokeho le boleng.

Keletso: Bareki ba hlahlobang feme bakeng sa bareki ba lintja tsa ho bapala ba lokela ho botsa ka mokhoa oa feme oa ho hlahloba ha ho ntse ho etsoa. Lipotso tse kang "U hlokomela joang ho tsitsa ha mebala nakong ea tlhahiso?" kapa "U nka mehato efe ho rarolla mathata ka nako ea nnete?" e ka fana ka maikutlo a bohlokoa.

Seo U Lokelang ho Etela Sebaka: Tataiso ea Tlhahlobo ea Mokhoa oa Tlhahiso (www.iqs.com)

Litataiso bakeng sa tlhahlobo e ntseng e tsoela pele

Tataiso ea Audit Process Manufacturing e fana ka lisebelisoa tse felletseng tsa ho etsa tlhahlobo e ntseng e tsoela pele. E fana ka litataiso tse qaqileng bakeng sa ho lekola litsamaiso tsa lifeme, ho kenyeletsoa tlhophiso, lisebelisoa, le taolo ea tlhahiso. Mohlala, tataiso e totobatsa bohlokoa ba ho netefatsa hore basebetsi ba na le koetliso e nepahetseng le mekhoa ea bohloeki. E boetse e totobatsa tlhoko ea lisebelisoa tse sa ame boleng ba sehlahisoa hampe mme ho bonolo ho li hloekisa.

Tataiso e kenyelletsa manane a tlhahlobo ea lisebelisoa tse tala, lisebelisoa tse ntseng li sebelisoa, le likarolo tse lahliloeng. Lisebelisoa tsena li thusa bareki ho lekola ka mokhoa o hlophisehileng hore na feme e latela mekhoa e metle. Ka ho latela litataiso tsena, bareki ba ka tseba libaka tse lokelang ho ntlafatsoa le ho netefatsa hore feme e boloka maemo a holimo nakong eohle ea tlhahiso.

Mehlala ea taolo e sebetsang ea boleng

The Manufacturing Process Audit Guide e boetse e fana ka mehlala ea taolo e sebetsang ea boleng. Mohlala, e bonts'a hore na lifeme li sebelisa tlhahlobo ea mebala ea spectrophotometric joang ho boloka mebala ea lintho tsa ho bapala. Mokhoa ona o fokotsa litšila mme o netefatsa hore lihlahisoa tse felileng li finyella litebello tsa botle. Mohlala o mong o kenyelletsa ho kenya ts'ebetsong litsamaiso tse matla tsa tlhahiso ho latela likarolo tse lahliloeng le ho thibela lintho tse nang le bothata ho fihla ho bareki.

Tataiso e totobatsa bohlokoa ba ho boloka tikoloho ea tlhahiso e hloekileng le e hlophisitsoeng. Lifeme tse latelang mekhoa ena hangata li finyella katleho e phahameng 'me li hlahisa lihlahisoa tse sireletsehileng, tse tšepahalang haholoanyane. Bareki ba ka sebelisa mehlala ena e le litekanyetso nakong ea lihlahlobo ho lekola boitlamo ba feme ba boleng.

Litlhahlobo tse Feletseng tsa Thepa

Ho netefatsa boleng ba Sehlahiswa

Litšitiso tse tloaelehileng lipapaling tsa ntja

Ho qeta ho hlahloba thepaphetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho hlokomeleng mefokolo e atileng linthong tsa ho bapala tsa ntja pele li fihla ho bareki. Litšitiso tsena hangata li kenyelletsa seams tse fokolang, likarolo tse bohale, le mebala e sa tsitsang. Li-seams tse fokolang li ka etsa hore lipapali tsa ho bapala li arohane nakong ea papali, li hlahise likotsi tsa ho bipetsa. Likarolo tse nchocho, tseo hangata li bakoang ke ho bopeha hantle, li ka lematsa liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng. Mmala o sa tsitsang, leha o se kotsi haholo, o ka bonts'a litaba tsa taolo ea boleng nakong ea tlhahiso. Lifeme li tlameha ho sebetsana le mefokolo ena ho netefatsa polokeho le khotsofalo ea beng ba liphoofolo tsa lapeng.

Bahlahlobi ba boetse ba supa khafetsa litaba tse joalo ka kabo e sa lokelang ea lintho tsa ho bapala linthong tsa ho bapala tse boreleli kapa boima bo sa lekaneng ba lintho tsa ho bapala tsa ho hlafuna. Mefokolo ena e ka ama tšebetso ea papali le ho tšoarella nako e telele. Lifeme tse etelletsang pele tlhahlobo e phethahetseng li ka fokotsa mathata ana, tsa netefatsa hore lihlahisoa tsa tsona li finyella litekanyetso tsa polokeho le boleng.

Mokhoa oa ho etsa tlhahlobo e phethahetseng

Ho etsa tlhahlobo e phethahetseng ho kenyelletsa mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng oa ho lekola thepa e felileng. Bahlahlobi ba lokela ho qala ka ho hlahloba ntho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea ho bapala ka mahlo bakeng sa mefokolo ea 'mele, e kang mapetsong, likhapha, kapa ho fifala. Hape ba lokela ho leka ho tšoarella ha ntho ea ho bapala ka ho sebelisa khatello ho seams le manonyeletso. Bakeng sa lintho tsa ho bapala tsa ho hlafuna, bahlahlobi ba ka lekola ho hana ha thepa ho senyeha le ho taboha ka ho etsisa liketso tsa ho hlafuna.

Bahlahlobi ba tlameha ho netefatsa hore lintho tsa ho bapala li kopana le litlhaloso tsa moralo. Sena se kenyelletsa ho lekola boholo, boima ba 'mele le sebopeho sa thepa. Ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tse kang li-caliper le likala ho netefatsa ho nepahala. Ho feta moo, bahlahlobi ba lokela ho hlahloba litlaleho tsa tlhahlobo ea pele ho thomello, tse totobatsang liphuputso tsa tlhahlobo ea boleng ba pejana. Litlaleho tsena li fana ka leseli la bohlokoa litabeng tse ka bang teng tsa ho latela melao le ho thusa ho tseba liphoso tse hlahang khafetsa.

Keletso: Lifeme tse kenyang tlhahlobo ea kamehla nakong eohle ea tlhahiso hangata li ba le litheko tse tlase tsa sekoli thepa ea tsona e felileng. Mokhoa ona oa ts'ebetso o netefatsa hore ke lihlahisoa tsa boleng bo holimo feela tse fihlang 'marakeng.

Sebaka seo u Lokelang ho se Etela: EUROLAB (www.intertek.com)

Manane a tlhahlobo a lihlahisoa

EUROLAB e fana ka lethathamo le felletseng la ho lekola thepa e felileng. Manane a tlhahlobo a akaretsa lintlha tsa bohlokoa joalo ka polokeho ea thepa, bots'epehi ba sebopeho, le ho latela maemo a polokeho. Bareki ba ka sebelisa lisebelisoa tsena ho netefatsa hore lifeme li latela litekanyetso tsa indasteri. Ka mohlala, manane a hlahlobang a kenyelletsa mehato ea ho hlahloba li-seams, ho hlahloba likarolo tse bohale, le ho netefatsa ho lumellana ha mebala. Ka ho latela litataiso tsena, bareki ba ka hlahloba ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng boleng balipapali tsa ntja.

EUROLAB e boetse e fana ka manane a ikhethileng bakeng sa mekhahlelo e itseng ea lihlahisoa. Mohlala, lintho tsa ho bapala tse majabajaba li ka hloka licheke tse eketsehileng bakeng sa ho ajoa ha lintho, ha lintho tsa ho hlafuna li ka hloka liteko tsa nako e telele. Lisebelisoa tsena tse khethehileng li thusa bareki ho sebetsana le mathata a ikhethang a ho hlahloba mefuta e fapaneng ea lipapali tsa ntja.

Lisebelisoa tsa ho ngola liphetho tsa tlhahlobo

Webosaete ea EUROLAB e na le lisebelisoa tsa ho ngola sephetho sa tlhahlobo, e nolofalletsang bareki ho lekola le ho sekaseka data. Lisebelisoa tsena li kenyelletsa lithempleite tsa ho rekota liphoso, litaba tsa ho latela melao, le liketso tsa ho lokisa. Bareki ba ka etsa litempele tsena hore li lumellane le litlhoko tsa bona, ho netefatsa mokhoa o tsitsitseng oa tlhahlobo.

Li-platform tsa dijithale tse fanoeng ke EUROLAB li lumella bareki ho boloka le ho hlophisa lintlha tsa tlhahlobo. Li-platform tsena li thusa basebelisi ho hlahisa litlaleho tse qaqileng, tse ka arolelanoang le bafani ba thepa ho rarolla mathata a boleng. Lifeme tse sebelisang lisebelisoa tsena li bontša boitlamo ba ponaletso le ntlafatso e tsoelang pele. Ka ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa EUROLAB, bareki ba ka etsa bonnete ba hore feme ea bareki ba lintja e lula e fana ka lihlahisoa tsa boleng bo holimo.

Tlhahlobo ea Lab

Ho netefatsa Tšireletseho ea Lihlahisoa

Mefuta ea liteko tsa laborateng bakeng sa lipapali tsa lintja

Tlhahlobo ea Lab e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho netefatsa polokeho le boleng balipapali tsa ntja. Mefuta e mengata ea liteko e lekola likarolo tse fapaneng tsa polokeho ea lipapali. Teko ea lik'hemik'hale e supa lintho tse kotsi tse kang loto, phthalates le BPA, tse ka behang liphoofolo tse ruuoang kotsing bophelong. Teko ea mochini e lekola ho tšoarella ha lintho tsa ho bapala, ho etsa bonnete ba hore li khona ho mamella ho hlafuna le ho bapala ntle le ho robeha likotoana tse kotsi. Teko ea ho chesa e etsa qeto ea hore na lintho tsa ho bapala li finyella litekanyetso tsa tšireletso bakeng sa ho hanyetsa mollo, haholo-holo bakeng sa lihlahisoa tse teteaneng kapa tse entsoeng ka lesela.

Teko ea microbiological ke ts'ebetso e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa. E hlahloba tšilafalo ea baktheria, e ka hlahang nakong ea tlhahiso kapa polokelo. Lifeme tse etelletsang polokeho pele hangata li etsa liteko tsena ho netefatsa hore lihlahisoa tsa tsona ha li na likokoana-hloko tse kotsi. Bareki ba lokela ho netefatsa hore feme ea bareki ba lintja tsa ho bapala e etsa liteko tsena khafetsa ho boloka litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa polokeho.

Mokhoa oa ho toloka liphetho tsa liteko lab

Ho toloka liphetho tsa liteko tsa laboratoring ho hloka kutloisiso e hlakileng ea litekanyetso tsa polokeho. Bareki ba lokela ho hlahloba litlaleho tsa liteko ho netefatsa hore lisebelisoa tsohle li lumellana le litekanyetso tsa machaba tsa polokeho, joalo ka ASTM F963 kapa EN71. Hangata liphetho li kenyelletsa lintlha tse mabapi le sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale, matla a mochini, le lintlha tse ling tsa bohlokoa. Ka mohlala, tlaleho e ka ’na ea bontša hore ntho ea ho bapala ha e na litekanyo tse lemohuoang tsa loto kapa li-phthalates, e leng ho tiisang hore li bolokehile bakeng sa liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng.

Bareki le bona ba lokela ho ela hloko liphetho life kapa life tse tšoailoeng. Tsena li bontša libaka tseo sehlahisoa se ka 'nang sa se kopane le litlhoko tsa polokeho. Lifeme tse sebetsanang le litaba tse tšoailoeng li bontša boitlamo ba boleng. Bareki ba ka sebelisa tlhahisoleseling ena ho lekola hore na feme e sebelisa mehato ea ho lokisa ka nepo.

Sebaka seo o Lokelang ho Etela: SGS (www.sgs.com)

Kakaretso ea litšebeletso tsa tlhahlobo tse fanoang

SGS ke moetapele oa lefats'e ho tsa liteko, tlhahlobo le lits'ebeletso tsa setifikeiti. Webosaete ea bona e fana ka leseli le felletseng mabapi le litharollo tsa liteko tse etselitsoeng lihlahisoa tsa lapeng, ho kenyeletsoa le lintho tsa ho bapala tsa ntja. SGS e fana ka liteko tsa lik'hemik'hale, tsa mechini le tsa likokoana-hloko ho netefatsa hore ho latela litekanyetso tsa polokeho. Litšebeletso tsa bona li boetse li kenyelletsa tlhahlobo ea kotsi le setifikeiti sa sehlahisoa, ho thusa bahlahisi ho fihlela litlhoko tsa taolo.

Sebaka sena se na le lisebelisoa tse kang lipampiri tse tšoeu, lithuto tsa liketsahalo, le li-webinars. Lisebelisoa tsena li thusa bareki ho utloisisa bohlokoa ba tlhahlobo ea lab le hore na e kenya letsoho joang polokehong ea sehlahisoa. Boitseanape ba SGS bo e etsa sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa bakeng sa bareki ba batlang lits'ebeletso tse tšepahalang tsa tlhahlobo.

Mokhoa oa ho sebelisana le lilaboratori bakeng sa litlhahlobo

Ho sebelisana 'moho le li-labs tse kang SGS ho ntlafatsa mokhoa oa ho hlahloba feme. Bareki ba ka qala ka ho ikopanya le SGS ho buisana ka litlhoko tsa bona tse khethehileng tsa tlhahlobo. Lab e ka fana ka tataiso mabapi le ho khetha liteko tse nepahetseng tse ipapisitseng le thepa le moralo oa lintho tsa ho bapala. SGS e boetse e fana ka lits'ebeletso tsa tlhahlobo ea sebaka sa marang-rang, e lumellang bareki ho kopanya tlhahlobo ea lab le litlhahlobo tsa bona tsa feme ntle le moroallo.

Nakong ea lihlahlobo, bareki ba lokela ho kopa litokomane tsa liphetho tsa liteko tsa nakong e fetileng ho tsoa femeng. SGS e ka netefatsa liphetho tsena le ho etsa liteko tse ling ha ho hlokahala. Tšebelisano ena e tiisa hore feme e khomarela litekanyetso tsa tšireletso le ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tsa boleng bo phahameng. Ka ho sebetsa le SGS, bareki ba ka fumana ts'epo mabapi le polokeho le ts'epahalo ea libapalisoa tseo ba li rekang.

Koetliso ea Basebetsi

Bohlokoa ba Basebetsi ba nang le Tsebo

Mananeo a koetliso bakeng sa basebetsi ba lifeme

Basebetsi ba nang le litsebo ke mokokotlo oa ts'ebetso efe kapa efe e atlehileng ea tlhahiso. Lifeme tse hlahisang lipapali tsa lintja li tlameha ho tsetela ho tse ngatamananeo a koetlisoho netefatsa hore basebetsi ba utloisisa liprothokholo tsa polokeho, litekanyetso tsa boleng, le mekhoa ea tlhahiso. Mananeo a atlehileng a koetliso hangata a kenyelletsa motsoako oa lithupelo tsa phaposi, koetliso ea mosebetsing, le sethala sa ho ithuta sa dijithale. Mekhoa ena e fana ka likhetho tse fapaneng tsa ho ithuta le ho thusa basebetsi ho boloka lintlha tsa bohlokoa.

Mananeo a koetliso a lokela ho shebana le libaka tse kang ho sebetsana le thepa, ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa le taolo ea boleng. Ka mohlala, basebetsi ba ka rua molemo mananeong a ho sebetsana le matsoho a ba rutang mokhoa oa ho khetholla thepa e nang le bothata kapa ho kopanya lintho tsa ho bapala ka mokhoa o nepahetseng. Lifeme tse etelletsang ntlafatso ea basebetsi pele hangata li bona ntlafatso ea tlhahiso, boleng ba sehlahisoa le khotsofalo ea basebetsi.

Mokhoa oa ho lekola bokhoni ba basebetsi

Ho hlahloba bokhoni ba basebetsi ho kenyelletsa ho hlahloba tsebo ea bona, bokhoni le bokhoni ba ho etsa mesebetsi ka katleho. Nakong ea lihlahlobo tsa lifeme, bareki ba lokela ho shebisisa basebetsi mokatong oa tlhahiso ho lekanya bokhoni ba bona. Lipontšo tsa bohlokoa tsa bokhoni li kenyelletsa ho latela melaoana ea polokeho, tšebeliso e nepahetseng ea lisebelisoa, le ho ela hloko lintlha nakong ea kopano.

Bareki ba ka boela ba hlahloba lirekoto tsa koetliso ho netefatsa hore basebetsi ba qetile mananeo a nepahetseng. Lifeme tse bolokang litlaleho tse qaqileng li bontša boitlamo ba ntlafatso e tsoelang pele. Ho feta moo, ho etsa lipuisano le basebetsi ho ka fana ka leseli mabapi le kutloisiso ea bona ea litekanyetso tsa boleng le lits'ebetso tsa tlhahiso. Mokhoa ona o thusa bareki ho fumana hore na fektheri ea bareki ba lintja tsa ho bapala e hira basebetsi ba nang le tsebo le ba koetlisitsoeng hantle.

Sebaka seo u Lokelang ho se Etela: Indasteri ea Koetliso (www.trainingindustry.com)

Litataiso tsa ho hlahloba mananeo a koetliso

Indasteri ea Koetliso e fana ka lisebelisoa tse ngata bakeng sa ho lekola le ho ntlafatsa mananeo a koetliso ea basebetsi. Webosaete ea bona e na le litataiso tse hlalosang mekhoa e metle ea ho rala matsapa a sebetsang a koetliso. Litataiso tsena li totobatsa bohlokoa ba ho hokahanya lipakane tsa koetliso le merero ea mokhatlo, ho netefatsa hore basebetsi ba fumana tsebo e hlokahalang ho fihlela litlhoko tsa tlhahiso.

Sebaka sena se boetse se fana ka lisebelisoa tsa ho hlahloba katleho ea koetliso. Mohlala, bareki ba ka sebelisa mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ho lekanya phello ea koetliso mabapi le ts'ebetso ea basebetsi le boitlamo. Lifeme tse sebelisang lisebelisoa tsena li ka theha mananeo a ntlafatsang bokhoni ba basebetsi le ho kenya letsoho katlehong e akaretsang ea ts'ebetso.

Mehlala ea boikitlaetso bo atlehileng ba koetliso

Indasteri ea Koetliso e totobatsa mehlala e 'maloa ea matsapa a atlehileng a koetliso ea tlhahiso. Mohlala,92% ea basebetsi ba lumela hore koetliso e reriloeng hantle e ntlafatsa boitlamo, athe 94% e ne e tla sala le k'hamphani e fanang ka menyetla ea ntlafatso. Lipalopalo tsena li totobatsa bohlokoa ba ho tsetela kholong ea basebetsi.

Sebaka sena se boetse se bonts'a mekhoa e fapaneng ea koetliso, joalo ka thuto e tsoakiloeng le koetliso ea mosebetsing. Thuto e kopantsoeng, e sebelisoang ke 27% ea likhoebo tse nyenyane, e kopanya thuto ea phaposi le lisebelisoa tsa digital ho theha tikoloho ea ho ithuta e tenyetsehang. Koetliso ea mosebetsing, e ratoang ke 68% ea basebetsi, e lumella basebetsi ho fumana phihlelo e sebetsang ha ba ntse ba etsa mesebetsi ea bona. Lifeme tse sebelisang mekhoa ena li ka khothaletsa basebetsi ba nang le litsebo le ba chesehang.

Lifeme tse sebelisang maano ana li ka ntlafatsa khotsofalo ea basebetsi le tlhahiso, qetellong tsa ntlafatsa boleng ba lihlahisoa tsa bona.

Bokhoni ba ho Rala

Tlhahiso e ncha ho Moralo oa Toy Toy

Ho hlahloba bokhoni ba moralo oa feme

Bokhoni ba meralo ea feme bo susumetsa haholo boleng le boipiletso ba libapalisoa tsa ntja. Bareki ba lokela ho lekola hore na feme e na le sehlopha se inehetseng sa boqapi se nang le boiphihlelo ba ho thehalihlahisoa tse ncha le tse sebetsang. Lisebelisoa tse nang le software ea meralo e tsoetseng pele le lisebelisoa tsa prototyping hangata li bonts'a bokhoni bo phahameng ba boiqapelo. Lisebelisoa tsena li thusa lifeme ho etsa liteko ka libopeho tse ikhethang, libopeho le likarolo tse lumellanang le likhetho tse fapaneng tsa canine.

Lifeme tse etelletsang moralo pele hangata li sebelisana le litsebi tsa boitšoaro ba liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng ho etsa lintho tsa ho bapala tse sebetsanang le litlhoko tse itseng. Ka mohlala,dibapadiswa tse etselitsoeng ho susumetsa kelello kapa ho imolla matshwenyeholi fumane botumo ka lebaka la katleho ea tsona ho ntlafatsa bophelo bo botle ba lintja. Bareki ba boetse ba lokela ho lekola bokhoni ba feme ea ho kenyelletsa maikutlo a bareki meahong ea bona. Mokhoa ona o netefatsa hore lihlahisoa tsa ho qetela li kopana le litlhoko tsa 'maraka le ho ntlafatsa khotsofalo ea bareki.

Bohlokoa ba prototyping le liteko

Prototyping le liteko ke mehato ea bohlokoa ts'ebetsong ea moralo. Li-prototype li lumella lifeme ho lekola ts'ebetso, ho tšoarella le polokeho ea meralo ea tsona pele li hlahisoa ka bongata. Bareki ba lokela ho netefatsa hore feme e etsa liteko tse matla ho bona liphoso tse ka bang teng. Mohlala, ho lekola lintho tsa ho bapala bakeng sa ho hana ho hlafuna le polokeho ea thepa ho netefatsa hore li ka mamella papali e mpe ntle le ho beha likotsi ho liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng.

Lifeme tse ncha hangata li sebelisa li-prototypes ho lekola likarolo tse ncha tse ntlafatsang boitlamo. Ho kenyelletsa melumo e susumetsang kapa libopeho tse ikhethang ho ka etsa hore lintho tsa ho bapala li ipiletse ho lintja. Ka mohlala, Lihlahisoa tsa Boitšoaro li hlahisitse lintho tsa ho bapala tse se nang lintho tse ngata ho rarolla mathata a nako e telele, ha Fluff & Tuff e sebelisa seams tse kopantsoeng habeli le lesela le matlafalitsoeng ho ntlafatsa bophelo bo bolelele. Lintlafatso tsena li totobatsa bohlokoa ba ho etsa prototyping ka botlalo le liteko ho fana ka lihlahisoa tsa boleng bo holimo.

Sebaka seo o Lokelang ho Etela: Lekhotla la Moralo (www.designcouncil.org.uk)

Lisebelisoa tsa ho lekola mekhoa ea moralo

Lekhotla la Moralo le fana ka lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho lekola le ho ntlafatsa lits'ebetso tsa moralo. Webosaete ea bona e fana ka meralo le litataiso tse thusang lifeme ho kopanya boqapi le ts'ebetso lihlahisoa tsa bona. Bareki ba ka fumana lisebelisoa tsa ho lekola maano a moralo, ho kenyelletsa le mekhoa ea ho kenyelletsa maikutlo a basebelisi le mekhoa ea mebaraka. Lisebelisoa tsena li thusa lifeme ho hokahanya meralo ea tsona le litebello tsa bareki ha li ntse li boloka maemo a holimo a boleng.

Sebaka sena se boetse se totobatsa karolo ea mekhoa e tsitsitseng ea moralo. Lifeme tse amohelang mekhoa ena li ka fokotsa litšila le ho etsa lihlahisoa tse bolokang tikoloho, tse ipiletsang ho bareki ba tsotellang tikoloho. Ka ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa Lekhotla la Meralo, bareki ba ka etsa bonnete ba hore lits'ebetso tsa meralo ea feme li kenya letsoho ho li-toys tsa lintja tse nchafalitsoeng le tse seng li loketse 'maraka.

Lithuto tsa mehlala ea meralo e atlehileng

Lekgotla la Moralo le na le dithuto tsa mohlala tse bontshang kgahlamelo ya moetso o motjha katlehong ya sehlahiswa. Mohlala,lintho tsa ho bapala tse etselitsoeng ho susumetsa maikutlo a lintja, tse kang tse nang le melumo e hohelang, li bone thahasello e eketsehileng ea bareki. Ho felisa ho kenya lintho tsa ho bapala ho rarolla litletlebo tse tloaelehileng tsa nako e telele, tse lebisang ho khotsofalo e phahameng ea bareki. Mehlala ena e bontša kamoo moralo o nahanang o ka ntlafatsang ts'ebetso le boipiletso ba 'maraka.

Lifeme tse shebaneng le thepa ea boleng bo holimo le kaho le tsona li fumana katleho e hlokomelehang. Tšebeliso ea Fluff & Tuff ea masela a matlafalitsoeng le meroko e rokotsoeng habeli e thehile botumo ba eona ba ho tšoarella. Bareki ba ka sebelisa lithuto tsena e le litekanyetso ho lekola hore na bokhoni ba meralo ea feme bo lumellana le mekhoa e etellang pele indastering. Ka ho etelletsa boqapi pele, lifeme li ka etsa lintho tsa ho bapala tse fanang ka boleng ho liphoofolo tsa lapeng le beng ba tsona.

Keletso: Bareki ba lokela ho botsa ka mokhoa oa moralo oa feme nakong ea lihlahlobo. Lipotso tse kang "U kenyelletsa maikutlo a bareki joang meralong ea hau?" kapa "U sebelisa mekhoa efe ea tlhahlobo bakeng sa li-prototypes?" e ka fana ka lintlha tsa bohlokoa boitlamo ba bona ba ho ntlafatsa.

Mekhoa ea Khoebo

Ts'ebetso ea Boitšoaro le Ponaletso

Bohlokoa ba mekhoa e metle ea mosebetsi

Mekhoa e metle ea mosebetsi e theha motheo oa tlhahiso ea boitšoaro. Lifeme tse tšehetsang litloaelo tsena li netefatsa hore basebetsi ba fumana meputso e hlokang leeme, maemo a sireletsehileng a ho sebetsa le lihora tse lekaneng. Litekanyetso tsa boits'oaro tsa basebetsi li boetse li thibela mosebetsi oa bana le mosebetsi o qobelloang, o phahamisa seriti le tlhompho ho basebetsi bohle. Bakeng sabareki ba lipapali tsa ntja, ho fumana ho tsoa lifekthering tse etelletsang pele mekhoa e metle ea basebetsi ho bontša boitlamo ba boikarabello ba sechaba.

Lifeme tse khomarelang litekanyetso tse nepahetseng tsa basebetsi hangata li ba le khotsofalo e phahameng ea basebetsi le tlhahiso. Basebetsi ba ikutloang e le ba bohlokoa ba kenya letsoho ntlafatsong ea boleng ba sehlahisoa le ho sebetsa hantle. Bareki ba lokela ho etelletsa pele lifeme tse tsamaellanang le litekanyetso tsa machaba tsa mosebetsi, joalo ka tse boletsoeng ke Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Basebetsi (ILO). Mokhoa ona ha o tšehetse mekhoa ea boitšoaro feela empa o boetse o ntlafatsa seriti sa lets'oao la moreki.

Keletso: Bareki ba ka botsa lifeme ka melaoana ea bona ea mosebetsi le ho kopa litokomane, joalo ka likonteraka tsa basebetsi kapa litlaleho tsa tlhahlobo ea lichelete, ho netefatsa hore li lumellana le maemo a nepahetseng a basebetsi.

Mokhoa oa ho hlahloba ponaletso ea lifeme

Ponaletso mesebetsing ea lifeme e haha tšepo lipakeng tsa bareki le barekisi. Lifeme tse nang le ponaletso li arolelana tlhahisoleseling mabapi le lits'ebetso tsa tsona, ho fumana, le mekhoa ea basebetsi. Bareki ba lokela ho lekola hore na feme e fana ka litokomane tse hlakileng, tse kang linako tsa tlhahiso, lirekoto tsa ho fumana thepa, le litlaleho tsa taolo ea boleng. Lifeme tse bolokang litlaleho tse qaqileng li bontša boikarabello le boitlamo ba mekhoa ea boitšoaro.

Nakong ea liphuputso, bareki ba lokela ho ela hloko hore na feme e buisana joang le basebetsi le ba amehang. Mecha ea puisano e bulehileng hangata e bontša setso sa botšepehi le botšepehi. Bareki le bona ba ka lekola ponaletso ka ho lekola litlaleho tsa tlhahlobo ea motho oa boraro kapa litifikeiti. Lifeme tse amohelang litlhahlobo tsa kantle le tse sebetsanang le maikutlo a bona hang-hang li bontša pepenene e phahameng.

Hlokomela: Lifeme tse sebeletsang pepeneneng li na le menyetla e mengata ea ho latela polokeho, boleng, le litekanyetso tsa boitšoaro, ho fokotsa likotsi ho bareki.

O Lokela ho Etela Sebaka: Ethical Trading Initiative (www.ethicaltrade.org)

Litaelo tsa ho lekola mekhoa ea boitšoaro

The Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI) e fana ka litataiso tse felletseng bakeng sa ho lekola mekhoa ea boitšoaro lifemeng. Lisebelisuoa tsena li hlalosa melao-motheo ea bohlokoa, e kang ho hlompha litokelo tsa basebetsi, ho netefatsa maemo a sireletsehileng a mosebetsi, le ho khothalletsa meputso e hlokang leeme. Bareki ba ka sebelisa litataiso tsa ETI ho theha mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng oa ho lekola lifeme. Litataiso li boetse li kenyelletsa manane a ho hloaea litloaelo tse sa lokang, joalo ka nako e ngata ea ho feta kapa libaka tse sa bolokehang.

ETI e totobatsa bohlokoa ba tšebelisano pakeng tsa bareki le barekisi. Lisebelisoa tsa bona li khothalletsa bareki ho sebetsa le lifeme ho phethahatsa ntlafatso ea boitšoaro. Ka ho latela litataiso tsa ETI, bareki ba ka etsa bonnete ba hore liketane tsa bona tsa phepelo li tsamaellana le litekanyetso tsa lefatše tsa boitšoaro.

Lisebelisoa tsa ho netefatsa hore ho latela melao

ETI e fana ka lisebelisoa ho thusa bareki ho beha leihlo le ho tiisa hore ba lumellana le melao ea boitšoaro. Lisebelisoa tsena li kenyelletsa litempele tsa litumellano tsa barekisi, manane a tlhahlobo, le liforomo tsa maikutlo a basebetsi. Bareki ba ka sebelisa lisebelisoa tsena ho ngola mekhoa ea feme le ho latela tsoelo-pele ha nako e ntse e ea. ETI e boetse e fana ka lisebelisoa tsa koetliso ho ruta bafani ba thepa ka litlhoko tsa boitšoaro.

Sebaka sa marang-rang se na le lithuto tsa liketsahalo tse bonts'ang ts'ebetsong e atlehileng ea mekhoa ea boitšoaro. Mohlala, mohlala o mong o totobatsa kamoo feme e ntlafalitseng maemo a mosebetsi ka ho amohela likhothaletso tsa ETI. Mehlala ena e fana ka leseli le sebetsang bakeng sa bareki ba batlang ho ntlafatsa pepeneneng le ho hloka leeme liketane tsa bona tsa phepelo.

Hoelehetsa: Bareki ba sebelisang lisebelisoa le lisebelisoa tsa ETI ba ka khothaletsa likamano tsa boitšoaro le barekisi ba bona, ho netefatsa katleho ea nako e telele le ho tšoarella.

Ho etsa liphuputso tse phethahetseng tsa feme ho netefatsa hore bareki ba lintja ba etelletsa pele polokeho, boleng le ho latela melao. Likarolo tse 10 tsa bohlokoa lethathamong lena - ho tloha ho litifikeiti tsa polokeho ho ea ho mekhoa ea khoebo e nepahetseng - li fana ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng oa ho lekola bafani ba thepa. Sebaka se seng le se seng se sebetsana le lintlha tsa bohlokoa joalo ka taolo ea likotsi, koetliso le netefatso ea boleng, ho khothaletsa likamano tse tšepahalang.

Bareki ba lokela ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tsena ho etsa liqeto tse nang le tsebo le ho boloka likamano tse matla tsa barekisi.

LBH

Morero oa tlhahlobo ea feme bakeng sa bareki ba lintja tsa ho bapala ke ofe?

A tlhahlobo ea fektherie thusa bareki ho lekola polokeho, boleng, le ho latela melao. E netefatsa hore feme e khomarela litekanyetso tsa machaba, e sebelisa thepa e sireletsehileng, le ho boloka mekhoa ea boitšoaro. Ts'ebetso ena e fokotsa likotsi mme e theha tšepo lipakeng tsa bareki le barekisi.

Bareki ba ka netefatsa joang litifikeiti tsa polokeho ea feme?

Bareki ba ka netefatsa litifikeiti ka ho lekola li-label tsa lihlahisoa bakeng sa matšoao a kang ASTM kapa EN71. Ba lokela ho kopa litokomane fekthering 'me ba li supe le mekhatlo e molaong e fanang ka setifikeiti. Lisetifikeiti tsa 'nete li netefatsa ho latela maemo a polokeho.

Ke hobane'ng ha tlhahlobo ea thepa e le ea bohlokoa nakong ea tlhahlobo ea lifeme?

Tlhahlobo ea thepa e etsa bonnete ba hore lipapali tsa ntja li entsoe kathepa e se nang chefo, e tšoarellang. Lisebelisoa tse sa sireletsehang li ka lematsa liphoofolo tsa lapeng kapa tsa baka likotsi tsa ho khangoa. Bareki ba lokela ho hlahloba Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) le ho hlahloba lisebelisoa tse tala nakong ea lihlahlobo ho netefatsa polokeho.

Ke lipotso life tseo bareki ba lokelang ho li botsa nakong ea leeto la feme?

Bareki ba lokela ho botsa ka liprothokholo tsa ho hloekisa, koetliso ea basebetsi, le mekhoa ea ho laola boleng. Mehlala e kenyelletsa:

• U etsa bonnete ba hore u sireletsehile joang linthong tse bonahalang?
• "Ke mehato efe e nkuoang ho thibela bofokoli?"

  Lipotso tsena li senola boitlamo ba feme ea boleng.

Litaolo tsa boleng tse ntseng li sebetsa li ntlafatsa tlhahiso joang?

Litaolo tsa boleng tse ntseng li le teng li supa liphoso kapele, li netefatsa boleng bo tsitsitseng ba sehlahisoa. Lifeme li hlokomela lisebelisoa tse tala, li hlahloba thepa e seng e felile, 'me li lekola lihlahisoa tsa ho qetela. Mokhoa ona oa ts'ebetso o fokotsa litšila mme o netefatsa hore lintho tsa ho bapala li finyella litekanyetso tsa polokeho.

Koetliso ea basebetsi e phetha karolo efe litlhahlobong tsa lifeme?

Koetliso ea basebetsi e netefatsa hore basebetsi ba utloisisa liprothokholo tsa polokeho le litekanyetso tsa boleng. Basebetsi ba nang le litsebo ba ntlafatsa katleho ea tlhahiso le boleng ba sehlahisoa. Bareki ba lokela ho hlahloba lirekoto tsa koetliso le ho shebisisa basebetsi ho lekola bokhoni nakong ea lihlahlobo.

Bareki ba ka lekola mekhoa ea boitšoaro ea feme joang?

Bareki ba ka lekola mekhoa ea boitšoaro ka ho hlahloba maano a basebetsi, likonteraka tsa basebetsi, le litlaleho tsa tlhahlobo ea mokha oa boraro. Lifeme tse sebeletsang pepeneneng li arolelana ka bolokolohi tlhahisoleseling mabapi le meputso, maemo a mosebetsi, le ho latela maemo a machaba a basebetsi.

Hobaneng ha bareki ba lokela ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tse kang ASTM kapa ISO nakong ea lihlahlobo?

Lisebelisoa tse kang ASTM le ISO li fana ka litataiso, manane a tlhahlobo, le lithuto tsa linyeoe bakeng sa ho lekola lifeme. Lisebelisoa tsena li thusa bareki ho netefatsa ho latela polokeho, boleng, le litekanyetso tsa boitšoaro, ho etsa hore tlhahlobo ea lichelete e sebetse hantle le ho tšepahala.

Keletso: Itokise kamehla ka ho hlahloba litekanyetso le lisebelisoa tse amehang pele u etsa tlhahlobo ea feme.